English summaries for the Bulgarian and Russian references

This method is based on modification of "forced air" impregnation described by Henry and Butter (1990). We use: a) intact fresh b) fixed or c) old formalin human lungs. The process is carried out in six steps: 1) tap water rinse, 2) dehydration, 3) air stage I, 4) forced impregnation, 5) air stage II, 6) gas curing. We obtained best results using fresh lungs. The produced lungs are light, durable and flexible. They are safe for human health.

Brain slices are usualy plastinated by P35 technique after contrasting or with P40 technique without a stain. S10 plastination technology can be applied for preparation of human or animal brains. The preliminary material processing with a dye emphases the difference between the grey and the white brain matter. We have results in our search for new method relating to impregnation of thin (4 mm) brain slices with Biodur S10.

I submit a combined method for long-time conservation of a specimen of human heart. The blood vessels were visualited with a colour S10/S3/S6 injection after a dehydratation stage. The rubber and the hardeners were in the ratio 100:1:07. Beforehand, both polymer mixtures were stained by adding a red pigment AC50 and a blue pigment AC52 for obtaining saturated red and blue colours, similar to the vital one. After visualization the hearts was impregnated at -25°C with Biodur S10, according to the classical technique. The specimen can be used for teaching purposes.

We evaluated the possibilities for the application of the plastination techniques in histological procedures. The most widely used plastination rubbers are polyethylene glycol and silicone. It is widely assumed, that the eyball cannot be impregnated with Biodur Sn. It is our experience not to put the eyeball into the media, but to inject it inside, so that it can be in contact with the retina and penetrate in it. We have also emphasized the practical significance and the specifities of specimen processing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the applied technique. Our specimens are not different from those, made by the standart histological techniques.

The purpose of the present study was to find out the optimal conditions for contrasting brain slices. In order to elucidate the contradictory bibliographical data, we set the following goals: 1) To define whether it is necessary to contrast brain slices; 2) To determine the most suitable stain that would help to outline the grey and the white brain matter.

We used brain slices with 4 mm thickness, which were preliminarily fixated. These were first processed in accordance with N. Ulfig's method (1996). The brain slice staining outlines the borders of the grey and the white matter. It also demonstrates the brain structure in an understandable way. When using the P40 technique, the structure is clearly outlined without applying stains. Bearing in mind the obtained results, we can draw the following conclusions: 1) The Prussian blue staining is only suitable and economically beneficial in the P35 technique; 2) The P40 technique successfully stains the brain structures; when applying it, we propose that no preliminary staining of the slices be necessary. We have carried out a comparative study of the various methods for contrasting brain slices. The preliminary material processing with a stain emphasizes the difference between the grey and the white brain matter and clearly defines the boundaries of the brain nuclei. The results of the study are presented in tables and figures.

The purpose of the present study is to applicate an unexpensive, practical easy and quick method for recyclation of the old waste acetone. We used waste acetone in our experimental practice, and the consecutively clearing methods were: freeze separation, vacuum distillation and physical water extraction. Freeze separation (-25°C) induced induration of fats and freeze water. In vacuum distilation stage we put the container with waste acetone in hot water bath (40-50°C) and take on a vacuum pump. The acetone vapour passed through a silicone pipe and reached the worm-pipe located in the deep freezer. Acetone vapour condensed there, oozed down and were collected in the storage container.

The general brain vessels a. vertebralis and a. carotis interna can be shown by using vascular injection with S10/S3/S6 mixture (100:1:0.7). We used the classical or von Hagens fixative solution. Before the procedure brain vessels were washed with running tap water. A Biodur colour mixture (AC50) was injected in a. vertebralis and a. carotis interna, and a Biodur colour mixture (AC52) was injected in v. cerebri magna. The blood vessels was ligated when the colour material began to ooze out of them. 48 hours later circulus arteriosus cerebri was prepared for the next brain treatment.

Impregnation is an important stage of plastination. The end of this phase is not too limited. The plastinators need a scheme of silicone rubber infiltration into the biological specimen. There are not data for using of impartial assessments in plastination process never yet. We experimented on hepatic parenchymal tissue. The mixture of Biodur S10/S3 with AC50 was use for impregnation in standard S10 technique. We accounted the invasion of silicone rubber in liver's tissue periodically. The results of investigation are described in the paper.

Brain slices are most commonly used in neuroplastination and most authors use P35 technique. Now sheet brain plastination enters a new phase with P40 method. We propose a permanent whole brain conservation after visualization of the arteries and veins at the base of the brain. The specimen stays in fresh 10% solution of formaldehyde for 24 hours and at -25ºC cold formaldehyde for one week. Then we use standard S10 technique for the whole brain plastination. After drying, the specimen is ready to be used in the educational process.

We carried out a study on the vasal-tissual relatives in prostates in age between 20-36 years. We used plastination with Biodur S10 for the long-term preservation of 32 human prostates. The material was deplastinated with applying of sodium metylate solution in methanol before histological and histochemical preparing. They are noted high level of elastic and colagenic fibres in the prostate. Changes in blood vessels make out in 30 years old male and older. We definited a distribution of the blood vessels in 3 groups: capsular vessels, radial vessels and periurethral vessels. The specific volumes of glandular elements are present in Figure 1.

In the present study, the authors present their results in cases of faulty plastination. The main reasons for failures are: a temperature not low enough for the technological process, a too brief impregnation phase, use of dry preparations and unhomogenous impregnation medium, pressure on the organs or failure to apply form-restoration devices during the phase of curing.

In the present study we aimed to establish the mean duration of dehydratation and impregnation of the principal tissues in the Human body with Biodur resin using objective physical methods (dielectric spectroscopy). Dielectric spectroscopy is based on measuring the capacity and impedance of dielectric medium as a function of the electric current frequency. The method allows determining the changes, which occur in the medium during the period of examination. In the process of dehydratation and impregnation by means of Q-meter we measured the changes in the capacity and impedance of tissue fragments sized 65x35x10 mm. The mean of three measurements was used in the analysis. The results obtained allow designing optimized models of plastination cycle for each body tissue, which will improve the management of the technological process. This will minimize the possibilities for mistakes, provide economizing and implementation of optimal technological decision in treatment of biological material and eventually results in economy of time, material and energy.